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Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder that affects women. It can cause a variety of symptoms including irregular menstrual cycles, excess hair growth, acne, and obesity.
The exact cause of PCOS is unknown, but it often runs in families. Here are some key things to know about this condition:
- Irregular periods - This is one of the most common PCOS symptoms. Women may have infrequent, inconsistent, or prolonged menstrual cycles. In some cases, periods may be very heavy or absent altogether.
- Excess androgen - Women with PCOS tend to have higher than normal levels of male hormones like testosterone. This can lead to acne and increased body and facial hair known as hirsutism.
- Ovarian cysts - Polycystic ovaries get their name because of the numerous small cysts that develop on the outer edges. These cysts develop when eggs aren't regularly being ovulated.
- Insulin resistance - At least 50% of women with PCOS have some degree of insulin resistance, which can contribute to difficulty losing weight and other metabolic problems.
- Obesity - Up to 80% of women with this condition are overweight or obese. The hormone imbalances and insulin resistance make it more difficult to lose weight through diet and exercise alone.
So in summary, PCOS is characterized by a variety of symptoms like infrequent/prolonged periods, ovarian cysts, excess androgen, insulin resistance, and potential weight gain. The underlying hormonal imbalance can contribute to these issues.
While there is no cure for PCOS, symptoms can often be managed through lifestyle changes and medications:
- Weight loss through diet and exercise may help restore normal menstrual cycles and fertility. Even a 5-10% reduction in body weight can make a difference.
- Birth control pills can help regulate menstrual periods, reduce androgens, and clear acne.
- Fertility treatments may be needed for women trying to get pregnant, as PCOS is one of the most common causes of infertility.
If you think you may have PCOS, make an appointment to see your doctor at . They can run blood tests to check hormone levels and do an ultrasound of your ovaries. Catching and managing PCOS early on can greatly improve symptoms.